Tangguria

Tangguria (Known as Tangg'o Liyanbang in Tanggu), officially referred to as the Tanggu Federation, is a state in eastern Serica. Stasnov lies on its northern border, with ... to the west, ... to the south, and ... to the southeast. The largest city within Tangguria is its capital of Ginjeo. Tangguria's population, estimated to be at 365,212,112 as of 2020 makes Tangguria one of the most populated countries within Atlas.

The area known as modern day Tangguria was inhabited by various nomadic peoples across its history, mostly being dominated by Tungustic groups such as the Yeren, though for much of its history it was dominated by various Hua dynasties, such as the Wei Dynasty, the Yan Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty, also known as the Yeren Qing arose from ethnic Tanggu and managed to conquer parts of the Xing Dynasty in the 1100s, but were unable to expand as much as the later Jin. Despite being the first organised Yeren Dynasty, the Yeren Qing would not last for long, and it collapsed in the 1200s, with Yeren groups falling under the domination of the !Mongols and later the Chong Dynasty. In the mid-1600s, the Yeren chieftain Surgaci united the Yeren tribes and led an effort south to invade the Chong Dynasty, establishing the Jin Dynasty under Surgaci's son ... . The Jin Dynasty went on to expand rapidly, but the White Lotus Rebellion in 1719 crippled Jin efforts to invade south into areas such as modern day Chilokver, and the Jin Dynasty began a long period of decline. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, several events challenged Jin dominance of the region and paved the way for the downfall of the dynasty. This included the loss of Outer ... by Stasnov in 1876 and the ... War, the result of which led to the establishment of several treaty ports. The Qin Rebellion and its massive internal conflict weakened the power of the monarchy further in favour of military generals. Efforts to modernise the Dynasty were greatly hampered by the conservative Tanggu nobles who had made efforts to sideline reformist figures, even emperors such as Badaranggadoro. Despite modernisation efforts finally being implemented in 1903 the Jin Dynasty would only last three more years, collapsing in 1906 during the ... Revolution which led to the formation of the Tanggu Republic in the Jin Dynasty's north.

The Tanggu Republic would only remain democratic for a few years, before two warlords known as Ma Tasha and Ma Sushun deposed the government and forming a duumvirate. The loss of central authority led to the country's fracturing among warlords, leading to decades of strife. The remnants of the Republic would fight the autocratic central government in Ginjeo throughout the 1920s, being split between leftists in the north and rightists in the South. The Jin Restoration occurred in 1931 after the Tanggu State in Ginjeo defeated the republicans in the North, which led to a fracturing in the republican cause and the formation of the Tanggu Communist Party, funded by Stasnov. The Second Tanggu Republic was established in 1943 after republicans led by Suan Ifan defeated the Jin Dynasty, taking Ginjeo. The Second Republic quickly became polarised between leftist and rightist groups, with Suan Ifan assuming considerable powers as President. Civil War broke out in 1947 and the republicans were quickly defeated by Sen Kunuma's Tanggu Communist Party, setting Tangguria on a course aligned with Stasnov.

Authoritarian rule would continue throughout the 1970s, with the creation of the ... Protocol, which would focus on boosting the Republic's military and industrial strength through the growth of heavy industry as well as promoting a revival in Tanggu nationalism while demonising Hua and Musu groups. Strict adherence to the ... Plan led to the stagnation of the Tanggu communist bureaucracy throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Reformists such as Duri Mujangga and Jang Mutengge would attempt to liberalise the state, but they were sidelined after the 1986 ... Protest, which the reformists were accused of organising. Politician Ceng Tuhai, who was delegated to a minor position in one of Tangguria's provinces several years earlier was able to use his distance from much of the fallout of the ... Protest to become Chairman. There, he implemented the policy of "Socialism with Tanggu Characteristics", designed to reform Tangguria's stagnant bureaucracy by encouraging economic reform, promoting light industry, services, tourism, and starting a period of detente with western nations. From 1989 to 1995 a cult of personality was built around Ceng as he became increasingly autocratic, centralising power around himself. In 1995, discontent with Ceng's dictatorial rule and communism as a whole led to nationwide protests known as the ... Revolution. Ceng was unable to deal with the protests and was forcibly removed from all of his senior leadership positions by the military in the ... Coup, with the new leader Yuwan Tiyanjeo announcing multiparty elections, which a broad left-leaning coalition won. In the election of 2000, a non-leftist government was elected for the first time under ..., who implemented economic shock therapy and neoliberal economic policies.

The implementation of neoliberal economic policies in the 2000s led to somewhat rocky economic growth, a trend that has since changed over the past decade as Tangguria has since transformed itself into an urbanised and industrialised economy. However the primary and secondary sectors, dealing with extraction of raw materials and manufacturing of consumer goods remain the major sources of income within Tangguria due to its many large resources of coal, gas, and several other ores and minerals, as well as the constant yet modernised production of agricultural goods such as rice, coffee, and cotton. Within the past decade Tangguria has also gained a small but fast growing tertiary sector, mostly focused on telecommunications, financial services, pharmaceutical goods, and higher education, the last of which has seen Tanggu universities portrayed as centres of learning for students from across the world. Despite being one of the fastest growing economies, inequality remains a pervasive issue within Tangguria, and is often raised alongside concerns over the alleged marginalisation of minority committees such as the Gidan in Tangguria's west, the corruption of the government and legislature, and the destruction of democratic processes by the incumbent Tanggu National Sovereignty Party. Despite these tensions within Tangguria, the country maintains amicable relations with the majority of its neighbours, especially those to the south. Tangguria is an active member of various international organisations such as the ... .

Jin Empire
===20th Century

First Republic of Tangguria
After ...'s death, the control of the central government over the rest of Tangguria was further weakened with the 1908 Coup that brought two warlords, Ma Tasha and Ma Sušun to power. Despite keeping much of the power of the Assembly, the two generals ruled as a duumvirate, with their period of rule known as the Ginjeo Clique after their city of origin. Any remaining authority of the government quickly collapsed, and many cliques declared their autonomy and their rivalry to one another and/or to the central government. Thus, Tangguria's warlord era began, which subjected Tangguria to several power struggles and conflicts for four decades.

Warlord Period and Jin Restoration
After Ma Sušun died in 1918, two prominent generals of the Ginjeo Clique, Nara Baturu, and Jang Yongjun took his place, turning the Ginjeo duumvirate to the Ginjeo triumvirate, ruling jointly with Ma Tasha. Jang quickly began to amass more control over the other two members of the triumvirate throughout the early 1920s due to foreign support and the deaths of many of his rivals in the military, many of which were replaced with those whose interests aligned with Jang's. Throughout the early 1920s the two wings of the Tanggu Republic became more distant from one another politically and geographically. The appointment of two new leaders continued this trend. Yuwan Huwanming led the Southern Republican Clique after the death of ... in 1921 with the majority of his support being made up of right-wing and classical liberal members of the Tanggu Reform Party and the Tanggu National Party. The Northern Republican Clique, due to the Tanggu National Party's integration of leftist groups such as the Tanggu Workers and Peasants Party and with funding and political support by Stasnov, became more leftist under ... . The two groups however maintained diplomatic ties and would continue to consider themselves part of the same government.

In 1925 Jang Yongjun made his move. Citing several conflicts as the inability of the central government to protect itself, Jang deposed the other two members of the Ginjeo triumvirate in a coup, purging Nara's subordinates, arresting Ma Tasha, and pronouncing himself President-for-Life over a Tanggu State. Tangguria remained divided, with Nara's forces having fled to the south to fight alongside Yuwan Huwanming and the Northern Republicans having consoldiated their power. However, Jang Yongjun's ascension to power was met with pledges of allegiance by several warlords, who mostly retained their own authority so long as they acted in the central government's name, which increased the capabilities of the central government.

In late 1925, a strike occurred in several cities within the central government, which were put down violently by Jang's forces. Calling the strike an attempted coup, Jang, backed by anti-communist western governments and with the strength of much of Tangguria's warlords behind him chose to attack the Northern Republican Clique. With the backing of Stasnov the Northern Republican Clique is able to push Jang's Tanggu State on the defensive. However, tensions between Republicans and Western authorities decline rapidly due to Western aid to the Tanggu State. This led to Republican mobs storming Western concessions and embassies, destroying shops and attacking Westerners. Fearing another Western intervention the Republican forces put down the mobs, but it is too late and with several Western powers calling for an intervention, the city of ... was bombarded by the ... navy. Western powers quickly offered to recognise the Tanggu State as the sole legitimate government of Tangguria, promising material aid, shipments of weapons, and most importantly, the ending of Stasnovan aid to the Republicans and the formation of a pact against further Stasnovan intervention. In return, Jang had to make large concessions to foreign nations, including ownership of many Tanggu railroads, open access to many resources in Tangguria's interior, and the making of a pledge for Jang to restore the Jin Empire. Jang, who had retained monarchist sympathies, agrees.

Stasnov begrudgingly decided to discontinue directly helping the Republicans, unable to aid them in time to stop Jang's massive counterattack, aimed at wiping out the Northern Republicans. Jang, with several thousand elite Western troops, smashes into the North routing them to the northern border with Stasnov. Many Northern Republicans fled north into Stasnov, but a large number remained behind to establish an insurgency. In exile, the Northern Republicans blamed the defeat on the Southern Republican Clique not intervening in the conflict, and they quickly deviated from the Republican cause. They rebrand themselves as the Communist Party of Tangguria, choosing politician Sen Kiyeng as their leader.

Ethnic groups
Tangguria recognises 23 distinct ethnic groups within its territory. The two largest of these groups include the Tanggu and the Hua, both of which constitute 82% of Tangguria's total population. Both the Tanggu and the Hua have historically intermingled and borrowed from one another, whilst also maintaining their own ethnic traditions and customs. One of the distinguishing factors that separates the Tanggurian Hua to Hua elsewhere is that within Tangguria the Hua use the Tanggu arlesianisation in their names. For example, a Hua who might be known elsewhere as "Zheng Zhicheng" would be known in Tangguria as "Jeng Jiceng" despite the name being pronounced the same. The Hua dialects within Tangguria are slightly influenced by the Tanggu language, but speakers are still intelligible to Hua elsewhere. Since 1957 the Tanggu script has been used to write both the Hua and Tanggu languages, which has also brought the two groups closer together. The majority of Tanggu and Hua hold at least a conversational understanding of the other's language.

The name of "Gidan" was introduced in the late Jin period as an all-encompassing term for the nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes in the area, the majority of which are not descended from the old Qidan. In fact, it is thought that only two of the six "Gidan" groups (Dagur and Haragidan) have ancestry dating back to that period, with the rest being other para-Nongoric or !Turkic peoples that have accrued similar cultural traits, even similar languages and religions from close interaction over centuries. As a result, it is very difficult to attach one single ethnic or even linguistic meaning to the name "Gidan". The various Nongor-... peoples that lived in Western Tangguria were identified altogether not due to their distinguishing languages or ethnicities, but rather their lifestyles. The nomadic peoples included the Qarlugs, Barga, and Nongor, who travelled across Tangguria and central Vesposerica, while those who were settled in cities or small communities became known as Gidan, whether they were Alats, Haragidan, Tonggan, Dagur, Sarg or Basimi.

The Gidan are separate to, but are often confused with, the Musu people who are a large ethnoreligious group mostly made up of Hua-speaking ... adherents, who live mostly in the west of Tangguria. This confusion mostly comes from the fact that most Gidan groups are also adherents of ..., which makes them seem similar from the viewpoint of many Tanggu and Hua. The ancestry of the Musu, whose name derives from the common ... personal name "Muhammad", includes Hua who lived on the Jade Road as well as central Vesposerican traders and some city-dwelling tribes. They were tolerated much more by Hua empires and by the Jin compared to the Gidan, due to their speaking of a Hua language. As a result, many Musu achieved high ranks in the Jin government, and were regularly governors of the Jin's western regions.